The ball and roller guides of this type of bearing are tapered so that the surfaces of the guides and the roller shaft meet at a point. The rollers are guided by the tapered inner ring of the back face rib. A single-row tapered roller bearing can support a combined radial and axial load. If a radial load or a bidirectional axial load is to be carried, a pair of bearings must be used in a face-to-face or back-to-back mounting.

Tapered roller bearings can be separated into their components: outer ring, inner ring, and roller assembly. The non-separable inner ring and roller assembly are called the "cone," and the outer ring is called the "cup." The internal clearance is established during assembly by axially positioning the cone relative to the cup. This type of bearing can be used in a preloaded position to achieve increased rigidity and improved shaft running accuracy.

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